Introduction
Curriculum
is derived from the Latin word” currere” means ‘the path, lap or course or
runway’ which one takes as a step to reach a goal applied to a course of study.
If the teacher is the guide, the curriculum is the path. Curriculum is the
total structure of ideas and activities undertaken during a course of study.
The curriculum in the literal sense can be termed as “A pathway towards a
goal”. Education finds its effect and results through implementation of the
curriculum by the schools. Curriculum is actually what happens during a course i.e.,
demonstrations, lecture, field visits etc. Pedagogically curriculum means the
course of studies to be pursued by the students or the written description of
the course content to be imparted through the educational institutions. The
course of study means the specific content of education, the details of the
study such as method of teaching, lesson plans, assignments and evaluation strategies which the
students has to study to obtain course certificates from the educational
institutions
Definition
“A systematic
and planned series of intended learning conceived to be imparted through
selected planned, organized sequential learning experiences to a defined group
of learners to attain the stated aim of a specific educational program”.
According to Cunningham curriculum is “a tool in the hands of the artist
(teachers) to mould his material (the pupil) in accordance with his ideals
(thoughts/knowledge) in his studio (school)”.
Concept
and Meaning
Curriculum is the systematic
arrangement of courses designed with specific objectives for the students. It
includes all the learning experience, which the leaner has regardless of when
or how they take place under the guidance of the school. The traditional
concept of curriculum is that, the teacher will focus his/her efforts and
attention in making the students to learn the subject content and course of
study according to the prescribed syllabi, in a rigid, set pattern, to enable them to pass a set of examinations.
The learners were given specific knowledge and skills which would fit them to
become a mature and successful adult. Learner was prepared to live in the
future as foreseen by the teachers and parents. The new concept of curriculum
means that through education the learner lives in the present world and adapts
himself/herself into it. The teacher will prepare the learner to adapt to
future world. According to modern educational thought, curriculum does not mean
only the academic subjects traditionally
taught in schools but also includes the sum total of experiences that a learner
receives through the manifold activities that exists in the schools, classroom,
library, laboratory, playground and in numerous informal contacts between teachers
and the learner which helps to balance the personality of students.
Need and
Significance of curriculum
“The child of
today is the builder of tomorrow”. A well designed curriculum if effectively
implemented, the learner will be equipped with inner potentialities and become
instrumental to build up the nation. Curriculum is the basis for the holistic
development and increases the abilities of the learner in total. School
curriculum of a country, like its constitution, reflects the ethos of that
country. The teacher is required to achieve the aims of education. For that
purpose he/she has to employ suitable instructional methods and procedures. But
this he can do only when he knows what efforts he is to make and in what order.
In other words, he should know the content of curriculum which consists of
subjects, activities and experiences in the properly graded form. Curriculum is
in fact the 'warp and woof of the whole educational process. Its need and
importance may be summed up as follows:
1. Achievement of Educational Aims
Merely defining
the aims of education is futile. There should be well planned efforts to
achieve the aims of education. We must think of knowledge, activities, experiences
and other influences which help in the achievement of aims of education.
It is curriculum which can show what types of teachers are required in the schools. We should know what type of work they are required to do and this is according to the requirements of curriculum.
3. Selection of Suitable Methods
Curriculum enables the teacher to select suitable methods of teaching. 'How to teach' will be determined by 'what to teach'.
4. Reflects Trends in Education
Curriculum is a means to achieve the aims of education which are dynamic and go on changing with the changing social requirements. Naturally, the curriculum will reflect the trends in education. For example, modern education places following demands on the curriculum:
5. Providing Suitable Knowledge.
Curriculum should include suitable knowledge which will help in the achievement of aims of education.
6. Providing Suitable Activities and Experiences.
Curriculum includes well selected activities and experiences needed for the development of pupils according to social requirements.
7. Providing Wholesome Influences.
Curriculum should provide wholesome school programmes to develop the desirable behavior patterns in the pupils.
Functions
of curriculum
1.
Synthesis
of subject and life:
The primary aim of the
curriculum is to provide the educands experience through the medium of the
subjects of study, which will enable them to bridge the gap between school life
and life outside the school
2.
Acquisition
and Strengthening of knowledge:
Acquisition of relevant knowledge
in various subjects can be considered as the most fundamental requirement for
synthesis of the subject and life. By providing and integrating knowledge in
various fields, the cognitive structure gets strengthened. Therefore this is
considered as the primary objective of curriculum
3.
Complete
development:
The aim of education is to achieve the
physical, mental, emotional, personal, social, moral, religious and spiritual
development of the educand. The curriculum aims at making such a complete
development possible
4.
Development
of Democratic values:
The curriculum should aim
at developing values of equality, liberty and fraternity, so that the educands
may develop into efficient citizens of a democratic society. Special emphasis
should be laid on the development of values such as tolerance, respect for
others, co-operation, we-feeling and civic sense.
5.
Satisfaction
of the educand’s needs:
A curriculum should be designed in such
a way that it satisfies the multifarious needs and requirements of educands
such as development of skills, abilities, attitudes, aptitudes etc.
6.
Realisation
of values:
The ultimate aim of education is the
development of character and what is required for this is to help the educand
internalize various desirable values. Thus curriculum should seek to provide
experiences that would enable the educand to build up a desirable value system.
7.
Harmony
between individual and society:
The curriculum must create an environment
which enables the individual to achieve his own development and at the same
time contribute for the betterment of society. It should be such a way that the
society has to look after the individual while the individual has to contribute
for the development of the society.
8.
Creation
of suitable environment:
All the educational
objectives could be achieved only if a good learning environment is provided.
Practical suggestion for creation of objective based environmental conditions
appropriate for each situation is an important objective of the curriculum for
developmental education
Conclusion
Curriculum is not merely
syllabus. Syllabus is much more specific, and it provides the details of study,
the hierarchical order of presenting the content etc. The scope of curriculum
is much broader and deeper, for it comprehends every aspect of the educand’s
life, seeks to satisfy all his requirements and aspires to develop every
aspects his life. In addition to what is prescribed in the syllabus the
curriculum includes various kinds of co-curricular and extracurricular
activities as well as the various aspects of the educational environment. It
relates to various learning experience in curriculum to produce the maximum
cumulative effect among learners to attain the objectives of educational
program and to gains mastery over the subject matter, develops concepts,
inculcate skills, attitudes, values and habits conducive of all round
personality development which are needed for social living and further learning.
Thus, we can say that curriculum is an important instrument or means to achieve
the ends of education rather it can be considered as the crux of whole
educational process.
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